Date
Founded
|
Seat
|
Society Name
|
|
1740 |
France
Dijon
|
Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon
(Academy of Sciences, Arts and Humanities of Dijon)
[The Society was founded in 1740.
It has had the following names:
(1) Académie de Dijon;
(2) Société Libre d'Agriculture, Sciences et Arts de
Dijon;
(3) Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon;
(4) Académie Impériale des Sciences, Arts et
Belles-Lettres de Dijon; and
(5) Académie des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de Dijon
(its current name).]
[No website found, as of 2005, December 10.]
|
Italy
Naples
|
Reale Accademia Medico-Chirurgica di Napoli
(Royal Medico-Surgical Academy of Napoli)
[The Academy was founded in 1740 as the
Accademia Medico-Chirurgica.
On 1858, July 23, it became the
Reale Accademia Medico-Chirurgica di Napoli.
In 1929, it became the
Reale Accademia delle Scienze Medico-Chirurgiche di Napoli.
In 1934, October 16, it became the fourth consituent Academy of the
Società Reale di Napoli.]
|
|
1741 |
Germany
Königsberg
|
Königliche Deutsche Gesellschaft zu Königsberg
(Royal German Society in Königsberg)
[This Society was founded in 1741 as the
Deutsche Gesellschaft zu Königsberg.
In 1743 it became the
Königliche Deutsche Gesellschaft zu Königsberg.
It survived until about 1939.]
|
|
1742 |
Denmark
Copenhagen
|
Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab
(Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters)
[This Academy was founded on 1742, Nov.13.
Over time it has had the names
(1) Kiøbenhavske Selskab af Laerdoms og Videnskabers
Elskere;
(2) Kongelige Videnskabers Selskab; and
(3) Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab (its current
name).]
Website.
|
|
1743 |
United States
of America
Philadelphia
|
American Philosophical Society (APS)
Website.
|
Germany
Königsberg
|
Freye Gesellschaft zu Königsberg
(Free Society in Königsberg)
[This Society was founded in 1743 as a break-away from the
Deutsche Gesellschaft zu Königsberg (founded 1741).
In 1788 it merged into the latter Society.]
|
Poland
Gdańsk (Danzig)
|
Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig
(Research Society in Danzig)
[The Society was founded in 1743 in Danzig (then part of Germany, now part
of Poland and known as Gdańsk) as the
Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Danzig,
with the spelling
Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Dantzig near the beginning of its
existence.
It ceased to exist in 1945.]
|
|
1744 |
France
Rouen
|
Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Rouen
(Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts of Rouen)
Website
|
Spain
|
Real Academia de las Tres Nobles Artes de San Fernando
(Royal Academy of the Three Noble Arts of San Fernando)
[Some information at the
Universidad Politicnica de Madrid website.]
[No website found, as of 2002, May 5.]
|
|
1745 |
Denmark
Copenhagen
|
Kongelige Danske Selskab for Fædrelandets Historie
(Royal Danish Society for National History)
[The Society was founded on 1745, January 8.
They have published a journal entitled
Danske Magazin since 1745, the year in which the
Society was founded.
More historical information is found in:
Kornerup, Bjørn.
Det Kongelige danske Selskab for Fædrelandets Historie : 1745 -
8. Januar - 1945 : en oversigt
(Köbenhavn : Gyldendal, 1945. 131 p.)]
Website
|
|
1746 |
Switzerland
Zürich
|
Naturforschende Gesellschaft in Zürich
(Natural Science Society in Zürich)
Website.
|
|
1747 |
France
Clermont-Ferrand
|
Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de
Clermont-Ferrand
(Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts of Clermont-Ferrand)
[According to
Chronologie [a chronology of French scholarly societies at Gallica],
this Society was founded in 1747 as the
Société Littéraire de Clermont-Ferrand,
and reconstituted in 1824 as the
Académie de Clermont-Ferrand.
The
CTHS site tells a somewhat different story,
indicating that the Academy was created in 1747 as
Société, then became Académie in 1780,
was suppressed in 1793, was revived in 1824, and once again became
Académie in 1829.
A record in the
Bibliot.
Nat. France cat.
indicates that it was called the
Société des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de la
ville de Clermont-Ferrand in 1771.
Another record in the
Bibliot.
Nat. France cat.
indicates that it was called the
Société Royale des Sciences, Arts et Belles-Lettres de...
Clermont-Ferrand in 1781.
Another record in the Bibliot.
Nat. France cat. indicates that it was called the
Société Royale des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts
de Clermont-Ferrand in 1828.
Other records in the Bibliot.
Nat. France cat. indicates that it was called the
Société des Sciences, Lettres et Arts de
Clermont-Ferrand in 1837 and 1921.
[There are a few other monograph records of interest.]
The Academy published a series of journals beginning in 1828.]
[No website found, as of 2007, July 28.]
|
|
1750 |
France
Nancy
|
Société Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de
Nancy
(Royal Society of Sciences and Humanities of Nancy)
[It was founded in 1750 as the
Société Royale des Sciences et Belles-Lettres de
Nancy, and went through a series of fairly minor name changes.
In 1852, it became the Académie de Stanislas.]
Website
|
France
Amiens
|
Académie des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts d'Amiens =
Académie des Sciences, Lettres et Arts d'Amiens
(Academy of Letters, Sciences and Arts of Amiens)
[The Academy was preceded by the
Société Littéraire d'Amiens (1746-1750).
The Academy was officially founded in 1750 as the
Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts d'Amiens.
It later had the following names:
(1) Société Libre d'Agriculture du département de la
Somme;
(2) Académie des Sciences, Arts, Agriculture et Belles-lettres
d'Amiens;
(3) Académie des Sciences, Agriculture, Commerce, Belles-lettres et
Arts du département de la Somme;
(4) Académie des Sciences, Belles-lettres, Arts, Agriculture et
Commerce du département de la Somme;
(5) Académie des Sciences, Belles-lettres et Arts d'Amiens;
and
(6) Académie des Sciences, des Lettres et des Arts d'Amiens
(the current name) or
(7) Académie des Sciences, Lettres et Arts d'Amiens
(this seems to be an alternative name).]
[No website found, as of 2007, July 28.]
|
Italy
Rovereto
|
Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati di Scienze, Lettere e Arti
(Rovereto Academy of the Comfortable Ones of Sciences, Letters and
Arts)
[The Accademia was founded in 1750.
Over the years its name has had many variants, including:
(1) I.R. Accademia di Scienze e Lettere in Rovereto;
(2) I.R. Accademia Roveretana;
(3) I.R. Accademia Scientifica e Letteraria degli Agiato di
Rovereto;
(4) Imp. Regia Accademia di Lettere e Scienze degli Agiati in
Rovereto;
(5) Accademia degli Agiati di Rovereto;
(6) I.R. Accademia degli Agiati di Rovereto;
(7) I.R. Accademia di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti degli Agiati in
Rovereto;
(8) I.R. Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati; and
(9) Accademia Roveretana degli Agiati di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti
(its current name).]
Website.
|
|
1751 |
France
Toulouse
|
Académie Royale de Peinture, Sculpture et Architecture de
Toulouse
(Royal Academy of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture of Toulouse)
[The Academy was founded on 1751, January 13; it was dissolved in 1793.]
|
Italy
Modena
|
Accademia de' Medici Conghietturanti
(Academy of Conjecturing Physicians)
[The Academy was founded in 1751 as the
Accademia de' Medici Conghietturanti.
There were numerous variants on its name, some in Italian
(e.g. Accademia de' Congetturanti and
Accademia de' Signori Conghietturanti) and some in
Latin (e.g. Medica Conjecturantium Mutinensis Academia
and Medica Coniecturantium Academia).
It ceased to be active around 1766.]
|
England
London
|
Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion =
Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
[The Society was founded in 1751.
It has had the following names over time:
(1) Cymmrodorion Society : instituted for the promoting useful charities,
and the knowledge of nature, among the descendants of the ancient
Britons;
(2) Society of Cymmrodorion;
(3) Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion in London;
(4) Cymmrodorion, or, Metropolitan Cambrian Institution;
(5) Cymmrodorion Society of London;
(6) Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (its current English name);
and
(7) Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion (its current Welsh
name).]
Website
|
Germany
Göttingen
|
Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
(Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Göttingen)
[This Academy was founded in 1751 as the
Königliche Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu
Göttingen
(Royal Society of Sciences and Humanities in Göttingen).
It later had the following names:
(1) Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen;
(2) Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen; and
(3) Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
(its current name).]
Website.
|
Spain
Sevilla
|
Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras
(Royal Seville Academy of Humanities)
[The Academy was founded on 1751, April 16.
For most, if not all, of its existence it has had the name
Real Academia Sevillana de Buenas Letras;
for a period of time it appears to adopted the shorter name
Real Academia de Buenas Letras as well.]
Website.
|
Switzerland
Basel
|
Societas Physico-Medica Basiliensis
(Physico-Medical Society of Basel)
[This Society was founded in 1751 as the
Societas Physico-Medica Basiliensis.
It ceased in 1787.]
|
|
1752 |
France
Brest
then
Paris
|
Académie de Marine
(Marine Academy)
[The Academy was founded in 1752 as the
Académie Générale pour tous les Ports,
was changed the same year to the
Académie de Marine, became in 1769 the
Académie Royale de Marine,
was suppressed in 1793, and re-established in 1921 as the
Académie de Marine.]
Website
|
France
Besançon
|
Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de
Besançon et de Franche-Comté
(Academy of Sciences, Humanities and Arts of Besançon and of
Franche-Comté)
[This Academy was founded in 1752 as
Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Besançon.
It later had the following names:
(1) Société Académique des Sciences, Belles-Lettres
et Arts de Besançon; and
(2) Académie des Sciences, Belles-Lettres et Arts de Besançon et
de Franche-Comté
(its current name).]
Website
|
Germany
Leipzig
|
Gesellschaft der Freyen Künste in Leipzig
(Society of Liberal Arts in Leipzig)
[The Society was founded in 1752 and ceased shortly after 1756.]
|
Netherlands
Haarlem
|
Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen
(Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities)
[The Society was founded in 1752 as the Hollandsche Maatschappye der
Weetenschappen te Haarlem.
It had various other names until about 1814, when it became the
Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen.
In 2002, on the occasion of its 250th anniversary, it became the
Koninklijke Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen
(Royal Holland Society of Sciences and Humanities).]
Website.
|
Spain
Madrid
|
Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando
(Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando)
Website.
|
Italy
Ravenna
|
Società Letteraria Ravennate
(Literary Society of Ravenna)
[The Society was founded in 1752 and existed until at least 1771.]
|
|
1753 |
Sweden
Stockholm
|
Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien (KVHAA)
(Royal Academy of Letters, History and Antiquities)
[This Academy was founded in 1753 as the
Kongliga Svenska Vitterhetsakademi
(Royal Swedish Academy of Letters).
It later had the following names:
(1) Kongliga Vitterhets Historie och Antiquitets Academien;
(2) Kongliga Vitterhets Historie och Antiqvitets Akademien or
Kongliga Vitterhets Historie och Antiqvitetsakademien; and
(3) Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitets Akademien or
Kungliga Vitterhets Historie och Antikvitetsakademien (its current
name).]
Website
|
Italy
Florence
|
Accademia dei Georgofili
(Academy of Agriculturalists)
[One of the earliest agricultural academies in Europe.]
Website
|
|
1754 |
Germany
Erfurt
|
Akademie Gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt
(Academy of the Arts and Sciences Useful to the Public in Erfurt)
[The Academy was founded in 1754 as the
Churfürstlich-Mayntzische Academie nützlicher
Wissenschaften
(Academia Electoralis Moguntina Scientiarum quae Erfurti est =
Electoral Mainz Academy of the Useful Arts and Sciences).
It later had the following names:
(1) Churfürstlich Mainzische Akademie der Wissenschaften;
(2) Academie nützlicher Wissenschaften;
(3) Akademie nützlicher Wissenschaften;
(4) Kurfürstlich-Mainzische Akademie
nützlicher Wissenschaften zu Erfurt;
(5) Königlich Preußische Academie nützlicher
Wissenschaften zu Erfurt;
(6) Königliche Akademie gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu
Erfurt;
(7) Kurfürstlich Mainzer Akademie nützlicher
Wissenschaften zu Erfurt; and
(8) Akademie Gemeinnütziger Wissenschaften zu Erfurt
(its current name).]
Website
|
Germany
Kiel
|
Kielische Gesellschaft der Schönen Wissenschaften
(Kiel Society of Humanities)
[This Society was founded in 1754, and likely ceased in 1757 or soon
after.]
|
Denmark
Copenhagen
|
Kongelige Akademiet for de Skønne Kunster
(Royal Academy for the Fine Arts)
[The Academy was founded in 1754 as the
Det Kongelige Danske Skildre-, Billedhugger- og
Bygnings-Academie i Kiøbenhavn
(Royal Danish Painting, Sculpture and Architecture Academy in
Copenhagen).
It is now called Kongelige Akademiet for de Skønne Kunster
(Royal Academy for the Fine Arts).]
Website
|
England
London
|
Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and
Commerce
[The Society was founded in 1754 as the
Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce.
It later had the following names:
(1) Society, Instituted at London, for the Encouragement of Arts,
Manufactures, and Commerce;
(2) Society of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce;
(3) Society of Arts;
(4) Royal Society of Arts; and
(5) Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and
Commerce (its current name).]
Website.
|
England
London
|
Society of Physicians in London
[The Society was founded in London in 1754.
Although it apparently never chose an official name, it is described in
its journal as a Society of Physicians in London.
We have found no reliable proof of its existence past 1793.]
|
|
1755
|
Italy
Naples
|
Regale Accademia Ercolanese =
Reale Accademia Ercolanese
(Royal Herculaneum Academy)
[This Academy was founded on 1755, December 13 as the
Regale Accademia Ercolanese, and became dormant in 1779.
It was reconstituted in 1787 as the
Reale Accademia Ercolanese;
variant spellings include:
Real Accademia Ercolanese,
Reale Accademia Ercolanense, and
Regia Accademia Ercolanense.
It ceased in 1797, but was revived in 1807 as the
Accademia di Storia ed Antichità.
In 1808, it passed over into the newly formed
Società Reale, as one of its
constituent academies, the
Accademia di Storia e Belle Lettere.]
|
France
Cherbourg
|
Société Nationale Académique de Cherbourg
(National Academic Society of Cherbourg)
[The Society was founded in 1755, evidently with the name
Société Académique de Cherbourg.
Later, it had the following names:
(1) Société Royale Académique de Cherbourg;
(2) Société Impériale Académique de
Cherbourg; and
(3) Société Nationale Académique de Cherbourg
(its current name).]
[No website found, as of 2007, July 28.]
|
|
1756 |
Germany
Altdorf
|
Deutsche Gesellschaft in Altdorf =
Altdorfische Deutsche Gesellschaft
(German Society in Altdorf)
[This Society was founded in 1756.
The last evidence that the Society existed, at least in name, was in
1767.]
|
|
1757 |
France
Metz
|
Académie Nationale de Metz
(National Academy of Metz)
[This Academy was founded in 1757 as the
Société Royale des Sciences et des Arts de Metz.
Since that time it has had the following names:
(1) Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts de Metz;
(2) Société des Lettres, Sciences et Arts et
d'Agriculture de Metz;
(3) Académie Royale de Metz. Lettres, Sciences, Arts et
Agriculture;
(4) Académie Nationale de Metz. Lettres, Sciences, Arts et
Agriculture;
(5) Académie Impériale de Metz;
(6) Académie de Metz;
(7) Metzer Akademie. Literatur, Wissenschaft, Kunst und
Landwirtschaft; and
(8) Académie Nationale de Metz (its current name).]
[No website found, as of 2007, July 28.]
|
Italy
Torino
|
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino (AST)
(Academy of Sciences of Turin)
[The Accademia was founded by Lagrange in 1757 as the
Società Privata and became the
Società Reale in 1759.
It changed its name in 1783 to Accademia Reale delle
Scienze (Royal Academy of Sciences).
Its current name is
Accademia delle Scienze di Torino.]
Website.
|
Russia
Moscow
|
Российская
Академия
Художеств
[Rossijskaâ Akademiâ Hudožestv]
(Russian Academy of Arts).]
[In its Imperial charter of 1764, it was referred to as
Императорская
Академия
Трех
Знатнейших
Художеств
[Imperatorskaâ Akademiâ Treh Znatnejših Hudožestv]
(Imperial Academy of Three Notable Arts).
Its Russian name early in its existence was
Императорская
Академия
Художеств
[Imperatorskaâ Akademiâ Hudožestv]
(Imperial Academy of Arts).
The Academy is now called
Российская
Академия
Художеств
[Rossijskaâ Akademiâ Hudožestv]
(Russian Academy of Arts).]
Website
|
France
Rennes
|
Société d'Agriculture, de Commerce et des Arts de
Bretagne
(Society of Agriculture, Commerce and Arts of Brittany)
[This Society was founded in 1757, and disappeared by 1770.]
|
|
1759 |
Germany
Munich
|
Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (BAdW)
(Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities)
[This Academy was founded in 1759 as the
Churfürstlich-Baierische Akademie der Wissenschaften.
It was later called:
(1) Königlich Baierische Akademie der Wissenschaften;
(2) Königlich Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu
München;
(3) Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München; and
(4) Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (BAdW)
(its curent name).]
Website.
|
Switzerland
Bern
|
Schweitzerische Gesellschaft in Bern
(Swiss Society in Bern)
[The Society was founded in 1759, evidently with the name
Schweitzerische Gesellschaft in Bern.
It later had the names:
(1) Ökonomische Gesellschaft zu Bern =
Société Oeconomique de Berne;
(2) Ökonomische Gesellschaft in Bern; and
(3) Ökonomische Gesellschaft des Kantons Bern.
On 1890, January 1, this Society merged with the
Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft des Kantons Bern to form the
Ökonomische und Gemeinnützige Gesellschaft des Kantons
Bern
(Economic and Public Welfare Society of the Canton of Bern).]
|
